https://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/issue/feedI+ T+ C- Research, Technology and Science2024-03-21T22:10:42-05:00Editorial I+T+Crevistaitc@unicomfacauca.edu.coOpen Journal Systems<p><strong>Journal:</strong> <a href="https://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/index" target="_blank" rel="noopener">I + T + C- RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE</a></p> <p><strong>ISSN:</strong> <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1909-5775" target="_blank" rel="noopener">1909-5775</a> (Print) <strong>ISSN:</strong> 2805-7201 (Electronic)</p> <p><strong>Periodicity:</strong> Annual</p> <p><strong>Response time first Editorial decision</strong>: 30 days after submission</p> <p><strong>Peer acceptance response time:</strong> 60 days</p> <p><strong>Publish response time:</strong> 30 days after acceptance</p> <p><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdkOhgZ8U_sbc4PXlSfpn6PGsbZ5wPjPdDs48Z-KKyRi9q7iQ/viewform">SUBMIT A PAPER</a></p> <p>I + T + C-Research, Technology and Science Journal, is an annual publication of the Corporación Universitaria Comfacauca - UNICOMFACAUCA, evaluated by peers. Its main purpose is to disseminate the research results of <strong>Engineering and Tecnology </strong>areas, as well as to disseminate the contributions and advances in research of higher education institutions, universities, research centers, industries and the community in general, which work in the areas of: <strong>Electronics, Automation, Mechatronic Systems, Software Development, Computer Science, Technology and Environmental Remediation, Industrial Engineering, Agricultural Sciences, Education Sciences, ICT Management and others related.</strong></p>https://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/400Automation of a composting plant2023-10-27T18:13:43-05:00Alvaro Patiñoalapatino@unisalle.edu.coFrancy Mendezfmendez@unisalle.edu.coDaniela Zuluagadzuluaga95@unisalle.edu.co<p>Los sistemas de compostaje por aireación forzada se pueden efectuar en sistemas abiertos o cerrados, siendo los primeros los más utilizados. Los principales parámetros que afectan el compostaje aerobio son la relación C/N, pH, temperatura, humedad y concentración de oxígeno (aireación). Con el avance tecnológico actual se han implementado sistemas que integran procesos automatizados y tecnologías 4.0 como el Internet de la Cosas para optimizar el proceso. El objetivo del presente artículo es precisar los aspectos más relevantes en el compostaje aerobio del estiércol avícola, a través de pruebas experimentales de monitoreo y control remoto de los parámetros más importantes mediante el uso de equipos automatizados conectados a una planta de compostaje en el Centro de Investigaciones y Capacitaciones San Miguel de La Universidad De La Salle. Los monitoreos realizados permiten establecer que la aireación forzada acelera el proceso biológico degradativo donde el aserrín agregado actúa como regulador de la humedad y es fuente nutricional para el mejor desempeño microbiotico de la gallinaza fresca. Así mismo, las pruebas experimentales demuestran que el sistema automatizado es una alternativa sostenible y con un impacto medio ambiental alto, contribuyendo a un modelo de economía circular para sitios con temperaturas de montaña y altitudes por encima de los 2700 msnm.</p>2023-12-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2024 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/398Implementation of Open-Source Tools with Brain-Computer Interfaces2023-10-26T15:17:40-05:00Daniel Eduardo Estevez Cárdenas destevez@unab.edu.coNayibe Chionchio@unab.edu.coJohann Barragán Gómez jbarragan262@unab.edu.co<p>The continuous advancement of technologies is an undeniable fact in today's world, with changes occurring more frequently in fields such as medicine, the automotive industry, and education. One of the technologies that has stood out in recent years is related to the analysis of brain signals, their classification, and utilization, often referred to as 'Brain-Computer Interfaces' (BCI). Despite significant progress in this technology, its applications are primarily focused on the healthcare sector, specifically in the rehabilitation of patients. It is for this reason that this project was initiated, with the goal of expanding the use of this technology into other areas. This is achieved through the development of a communication and control system using brain signals to interact with an external device, all implemented through open-source software. This project involved three main stages: signal reading, processing/classification, and control of the external device. To carry out the project, the 'MindWave Headset' from NeuroSky was used for reading brain signals, 'Open ViBE' software for signal processing and classification, and 'Python,' 'Arduino IDE,' and the 'Arduino UNO' board for controlling the external device's representation.</p> <p>As a result of the entire project process, a fully functional system was obtained, designed using open-source software and tools, capable of controlling a simple device through a brain-computer interface. This product serves as a foundation for further advancements in implementing these technologies into new processes.</p>2023-11-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/396A comparative study of classic Proportional-Integral and Fuzzy control approaches for temperature regulation in a microbiolog-ical incubator2023-10-26T14:44:24-05:00Juan Manuel Tello uan_tello91142@elpoli.edu.coRafael Antonio Ceballos rafael_ceballos91142@elpoli.edu.coGustavo Alonso Acosta gacosta@elpoli.edu.co<p>This study presents the design and implementation of two thermal control schematics for a microbiological incubator for which the performance of a classic Proportional-integral (PI) and a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is compared. To obtain experimental validation, a microbiological incubator was designed and built. Then, the construction of said incubator’s prototype is described, along with the design and implementation of both PI and FIS controllers. Results demonstrate that both controllers display a satisfactory response to temperature management. Although the PI controller has practical and stable answers, the FIS shows higher system adaptability. It is evidenced that both strategies are suitable for the temperature control of the incubator and that the choice between PI or FIS lies within the individual necessities and parameters of a chosen process. This study serves as a foundation for future research as it concerns thermal control strategies for systems of the same type.</p>2023-11-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/394Development of a coupling system between a vehicle electric motor and a mechanical transmission2023-10-26T14:10:53-05:00Camila Achicanoycamachicanoy@umariana.edu.coGloria Timarán gltimaran@umariana.edu.coTito Manuel Paimbatmanuel@umariana.edu.co<p>This article describes how to pair a mechanical transmission with a vehicle electric motor to convert internal combustion vehicles to electric. The importance of planning and executing a methodology that includes the evaluation of the characteristics of the components, the CAD design, the machining and the assembly of the parts is emphasized. The electric motor used is described in detail, including its specifications and functions. The mechanical transmission obtained from a 1968 model Volkswagen vehicle is also described. The main challenge lies in the transmission of movement between the engine and the transmission shafts, for which a cross-type flexible coupling is selected for its characteristics of avoiding kinematic errors, high torque transmission capacity and misalignment tolerance. In addition, the use of CAD software for the design and subsequent manufacture of parts is highlighted, taking advantage of its three-dimensional modeling and finite element analysis capabilities. Finally, the manufacturing process is mentioned, including precise machining using CAM computer controlled tools and machines.</p>2023-12-01T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/404Deep Learning for Cardiac Rhythm Assessment: Evaluating CNN Models on ECG Data2023-11-16T15:14:09-05:00Victor Manuel Astudillo Delgado victorastudillo@unicomfacauca.edu.coDavid Armando Revelo Luna drevelo@unicomfacauca.edu.coJavier Andrés Muñoz Chavesjmunoz@unicomfacauca.edu.co<p>The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a technique for detecting heart rhythm problems and evaluating the cardiovascular system. Traditionally, physicians relied on manual observations, but this had limitations in terms of accuracy. In this research, convolutional neural networks were used for the identification of cardiac arrhythmias in patients. Three different models were trained, using architectures: VGG16 and ResNet-50, as well as one proposed by the researchers. All models were trained with the dataset (PhysioNet MIT-BIH), with the same amount of data and configuration. The evaluation of the models was performed using the following metrics: precision, recall, F1Score and accuracy. The VGG16 model proved to be the most effective, achieving an accuracy of 98.8%. The results of the research may lead to improved detection of cardiac arrhythmias, which could lead to more accurate diagnoses and better cardiovascular health care for patients.</p>2023-11-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/401Prediction and Prevention of School Dropout through A.I.: A Review to Identify Models and Relevant Factors2023-10-26T16:14:09-05:00Juan Carreñojuandavid.carreno@ustabuca.edu.coDiego Andrés Martinezdiegoandres.martinez@ustabuca.edu.coDeisy Paezdeisy.paez@ustabuca.edu.co<p>School dropout is a pressing concern in educational institutions, as per statistics from the Ministry of Education of Colombia, which report that 473,786 children and young students have discontinued their studies between November 2022 and May 2023. This issue is especially prominent in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) academic programs. Addressing this challenge requires the integration of Information Technology (IT) tools that provide effective and timely monitoring to the academic control departments. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the variables related to academic dropout and find suitable predictive models for data processing while also identifying variables and models previously used in the field. To achieve this, research is proposed using academic search platforms such as Lens.org and Google Scholar. After conducting the research, relevant variables in the national context are identified, such as academic performance, age, gender, family status, and psychological aspects, among others, as they are considered crucial for accurate prediction. The C4.5 decision tree model was chosen due to its excellent performance in research, widespread usage in the field, and low computational cost.</p>2023-11-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/399ECO-MOBILITY REVOLUTION IN PASTO, COLOMBIA: SOLAR-POWERED HYBRID VEHICLE PROTOTYPE2023-10-26T16:01:18-05:00Héctor Gamboa hgamboa@umariana.edu.coJorge Chamorro jchamorro@umariana.edu.co<p>The growing concern over pollution and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources due to the high demand for fossil fuels has led to the development of a hybrid vehicle prototype with GSM monitoring. This project, titled 'Hybrid Vehicle Prototype with GSM Monitoring System,' aligns with the mechatronic design and development research at the University of Mariana's Faculty of Engineering in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. The goal is to reduce emissions and fuel expenses by harnessing cleaner energy sources compared to traditional vehicles, contributing to more sustainable mobility and the decarbonization of the energy sector. This project represents a technological advancement that addresses two fundamental challenges: the use of non-conventional energy sources with their respective monitoring system and the optimization of fuel consumption in automobiles</p>2023-11-20T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/397IMPLEMENTATION OF A BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE FOR THE END EFFECTOR OF A UR3 COLLABORATIVE ROBOT2023-10-26T15:04:43-05:00Edwin Diazediaz344@unab.edu.coBryan Vegabvega421@unab.edu.coNayibe Chionchio@unab.edu.coJohann Barraganjbarragan262@unab.edu.coEduardo Quilesequiles@isa.upv.es<p>Motor imagery in brain-computer interfaces has an important role in rehabilitating motor disorders and applying multiple technologies. However, it is a field of research that has a long way to go due to the large number of variables that can change the results of an experiment and the fact that EEG signals vary from one subject to another. Therefore, a brain-computer interface was implemented to control the end effector of a UR3 collaborative robot. The interface uses an Enobio 8, motor imagery for signal acquisition, MATLAB for command preprocessing, processing, translation, and dispatch, and ROS to enable communication between MATLAB and the UR3.</p>2023-11-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/395OPTIMUS: Software for Efficient Manipulation and Control of Industrial Robots2023-10-26T14:25:34-05:00Michael Tovar Tovarmtovar-2020b@corhuila.edu.coAndrés Eduardo Rivera Gómezae.rivera_2019-1@corhuila.edu.coPedro Daniel Hile Bustospd.hile_2019-1@corhuila.edu.coRuthber Rodríguez Serrezuelaruthber.rodriguez@corhuila.edu.co<p>The article introduces an offline interaction software that exhibits the MR5 robot developed by the Corporación Universitaria del Huila - CORHUILA in its interface. This robot is an anthropomorphic system with 5 degrees of freedom. The primary purpose of this software is to enable interaction with the robot without needing its physical presence. This is achieved by planning different trajectories for the robot and obtaining a simulation of its physical behavior. After exporting and importing the data to the real-time control software called "Mach3", this simulation is performed. During this interaction, the previously planned movements of the robot are observed. The software interface presents a detailed tracking of the behavior of each of the robot's joint positions, including information about its velocity and acceleration. The kinematic and dynamic model and its analysis are obtained with due mathematical rigor.</p>2023-11-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/403Agile prototyping strategy for building shared understanding in requirements engineering2023-11-16T11:57:58-05:00Ivan Londoñoivanlondono@unicomfacauca.edu.coVanessa Agredo-Delgadovagredo@unicomfacauca.edu.coPablo Hernando Ruiz Melenjepruiz@unicomfacauca.edu.co<p>The strategy proposed in this paper addresses a critical challenge in requirements engineering: building a shared understanding among all stakeholders in software development. Shared understanding refers to the ability of people in a team to have a common and consistent understanding of the requirements that the system will have, which is essential for effective collaboration. The construction of this strategy was done using Situational Method Engineering (SME), which allowed to obtain, at the end of the realization of each of its activities, a set of phases, with their respective activities and tasks, which seek the construction of shared understanding through the realization of agile prototyping. The use of prototypes allows to provide a visual and tangible representation of the system requirements, which facilitates communication and feedback among stakeholders. In this sense, this article shows the use of SME for the final construction of the strategy, which consists of several phases, including planning, requirements identification and analysis, non-functional prototyping, requirements management, functional prototyping, and socialization. These phases are designed to strengthen communication, promote collaboration, and ensure a solid shared understanding throughout the software development process.</p>2023-11-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/405Design of a prototype for the qualitative assessment of the biodegradability of agro-industrial polymer wastes: Case study on "totumo" (Crescentia cujete)2023-11-20T17:49:55-05:00Raúl Sánchezraulsanchez@unicomfacauca.edu.coYineer Castilloyineercastillo@unicomfacauca.edu.coJavier Muñozjmunoz@unicomfacauca.edu.co<p>This article addresses the growing concern for industrial waste management and the evaluation of biodegradability of materials, focusing on cattail (Crescentia cujete). An automated system for monitoring gases (CO and CO<sub>2</sub>) and temperature was developed to assess biodegradability. Over a period of 20 days, CO<sub>2</sub> and CO emissions were recorded and correlated with fungal growth in the totumo samples. Peak CO<sub>2</sub> emission was observed at 76 hours, indicating microbial activity. In addition, particle size and thermal treatments were found to affect biodegradability, with smaller sizes and higher temperatures being beneficial. Despite its semi-crystalline cellulose content, which presents some resistance, totumo is estimated to have a degradation rate similar to other non-timber lignocellulosic residues such as corn, sugarcane, banana, and coffee. This suggests that totumo has the potential to produce biodegradable polymers and biogas, contributing to a more sustainable management of agroindustrial wastes.</p>2023-11-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/406Desarrollo de un brazo robótico de 2 DOF impreso en 3D, a través de un PIC 18f46k22 y MATLAB para el trazo de contornos de imágenes2023-11-30T14:49:34-05:00Angie Paola Mancipe García angiep.mancipeg@ecci.edu.coNicolás David Barrera Fonsecanicolasd.barreraf@ecci.edu.coDiego Alfonso Rojas Sarmiento drojass@ecci.edu.coFabián Barrera Prieto fbarrerap@ecci.edu.co<p>This paper describes the development of a prototype of a 2R robotic arm, used for character writing by servo motors, programmed to design the contours of different images through a low-cost microcontroller (PIC 18F46K22) and MATLAB. These elements were communicated through UART. Likewise, the communication between the PIC and the servomotors was performed by I2C, taking into account the servomotor driver (PCA9685). In addition, the respective simulations of operation were carried out using Peter Corke's robotics toolbox in MATLAB. The results obtained are presented in both physical and simulation, which are satisfactory, however these results have a margin of error in the traces. Finally for implementation, the parts were designed in SolidWorks to be subsequently 3D printed using PLA, a material chosen for its versatility and durability, ensuring the precision and strength required for the 2R robotic arm.</p>2023-11-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/408Assessment of Fluctuations in the Efficiency of Electrical Energy Generation in Standalone Photovoltaic Systems Due to Variations in Ambient and Solar Panel Surface Temperatures in the Historic Center of Popayán City.2024-02-16T14:52:12-05:00Julián Andrés Mejía Montoyajulianmejia@unicomfacauca.edu.coJhon Alexander Guerrero Narvaezjguerrero@unicomfacauca.edu.co<p>Global energy demand has led governments to diversify the energy matrix with renewable energies, in addition to integrating technological improvements in existing ones such as photovoltaic solar energy; in this type of energy generation, it has been observed in different studies that There is a significant influence from variations in ambient temperatures and on the surface of the solar panel that directly affect the efficiency in the generation of photovoltaic electrical energy. Therefore, this experimental research proposes to address the efficiency of this type of energy under the environmental temperature conditions in the historic center of Popayán. Due to the few studies on the subject in the region, the present research based on the V-Shape methodology evaluates the different electrical characteristics in polycrystalline solar panels through the development of a hardware component made up of an embedded system and electronic instrumentation and the software component through the development of an application that allows the processing of the information collected to perform calculations on the necessary parameters for subsequent recording and analysis, giving the research a quantitative approach and a descriptive scope.</p>2023-12-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statementhttps://revistas.unicomfacauca.edu.co/ojs/index.php/itc/article/view/411Prototype of a device adaptable to walk-sticks with a system to communicate the visible spectrum to blind people.2024-03-21T22:10:42-05:00Sebastián Diaz-Pabón sebastian00735@gmail.comSebastián Murcia-Orozcosebasmurco2001@hotmail.comJuan Diego Pimiento Serranojuandiego.pimiento@ustabuca.edu.coCarlos Torrescarlostorres0321@hotmail.comJose Luis Sarmiento Ramosjoseluis_251094@hotmail.comDiana Martinez Reyesdiana.martinez@ustabuca.edu.co<p>This project aims to design and build a device adaptable to canes for blind people that allows them to know the color of everyday objects through a tactile response. The prototype of the device identifies the colors by means of the TCS3200 color sensor that, when detecting the light reflected by the objects, converts it into an electrical signal to later process it with the Arduino Nano microcontroller and thus generate a tactile response using a servomotor. For this purpose, mechanical and electronic designs of the color recognition and representation systems using the Feelipa color code were developed, and a functional prototype of the adaptive device that identifies primary colors was developed. Algorithms for the classification of secondary colors from their RGB values continue to be developed, and the mechanical designs are being improved to take into account aesthetic and ergonomic aspects that facilitate their use</p>2023-12-15T00:00:00-05:00Copyright (c) 2023 copyright statement